Developing The Pattern of Taijiquan Exercise of Elderly by Using The Sport Commitment Model

Abstract

The purposes of this study was to develop a Taijiquan exercise program for Chinese elderly (TEP-CE). In order to achieve this target, we take the Sport Commitment Model as the theoretical basis, and use the Research and Development methods, CIPP evaluation model, Community Empowerment Theory, and Taijiquan physical activity to develop TEP-CE. We divided this project into four different phase to carry out research. The first phase (Researching R1) is to validate the scale of Taijiquan exercise commitment for Chinese elderly (TECS-CE), and the relationship between exercise commitment and hebavior. The second phase (Developing D1) is to develop the TEP-CE. The third phase (Researching R2) is the implementation experiment of the developed TEP-CE. The fourth phase (Developing D2) is to evaluate the first three phase of this chapter in order to evaluate and improve the TEP-CE. SPSS 23.0, AMOS 6.0 and Nvivo 12.0 software are used to process and analyze relevant data.

The research findings were as follows:

In the phase one, this thesis determined the items and factors of the TECS-CE through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and tested the reliability and validity of the scale. Through the structural test of the theoretical model, the TECS-CE is composed of 2 dimensions, 6 factors and 33 items. The commitment dimension is composed of 2 factors (want to and have to) and 9 items, and the commitment determinant is composed of 6 factors (satisfaction, social constrain, involvement alternative, personal investment, social support, involvement opportunity) and 24 items.

In the phase two, based on in-depth interviews, we developed an outline of the intervention program of Taijiquan exercise for Chinese elderly, whice is used the guideline of developing Taijiquan exercise program. We divide the TEP-CE for elderly into five parts. The first is the Taijiquan exercise content. The second is language voice intervention from tape. The third is the instructional intervention from leader. The fourth is the communication and interaction intervention between and among participants. The fifth is the implementation-monitoring table.

In the phase three, we verified the TEP-CE through experimental intervention. Before the experiment, there was no difference in Taijiquan Exercise Commitment and Behavior between the Experimental Group and the Control Group. After the experiment, there were differences between the Experimental Group and the Control Group in Taijiquan exercise commitment and behavior. There was no difference in Taijiquan exercise behavior and exercise commitment in the Control Group before and after the experiment. There were differences in Taijiquan exercise behavior and commitment in the Experimental Group before and after the experiment. The results show that the program can promote the exercise commitment and behavior of the elderly Taijiquan exercisers in China.

In the phase four, we divided it into five parts according to the CIPP evaluation model. The first part, we develop a questionnaire of Taijiquan exercise project evaluation. The second part is context evaluation, which is to evaluate program context. The third part is input evaluation, which is to evaluate program input. The fourth part is process evaluation, which is to evaluate program process. The fifth part is product evaluation, which is to evaluate program product. The results show that the implementation of the TECS-CE, the TEP-CE and the experiment for the elderly developed by this research is reasonable and in line with the research norms.

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