Gannan Tea Picking Opera after the Cultural Revolution

Abstract

This research employed qualitative research methods, including interviews, observations, and focus groups. The study involved three key informants, three casual investigators, and three general investigators. The study's results are as follows:

1. Gannan Tea Picking Opera originated in tribute to the emperor during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It evolved from tea melodies inspired by the hardships of the people in southern Gannan. The opera went through various phases, including a period of rapid growth (1949–1966), a decline during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), and a resurgence post-2022. Despite challenges, retiring artists are passing on the tradition, ensuring its preservation.

2. The musical characteristics of the opera before 1949 were that it primarily incorporated folk songs and tea songs to express emotions and alleviate fatigue. It featured various tunings, with "Zhi" being the dominant style. Singing structures included single-sentence patterns and changing patterns. The opera faced challenges but continued to evolve. After the Cultural Revolution, opera developed a unique musical style, introducing various singing styles and establishing a separate musical style based on pitch alternation and unusual vocal styles. It adapted to modern society while keeping its unique legacy.

3. The guideline for the preservation of Gannan Tea Picking Opera after the Cultural Revolution requires balancing tradition with innovation. Key informants and experts suggest blending it with other arts, using it for education, and incorporating it into school curricula. Government support, policies, and funding are essential. Active involvement of the Gannan people, including artists and community members, is crucial. The opera is recognized and promoted, listed as national non-material cultural heritage, and spread in schools and communities.

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