Biomechanical Characteristics Analysis of Highly Difficult Movements “324C+1D” in Competitive Wushu Routine

Abstract

One of the main purposes of biomechanics in the study of sports technology is to reveal the principles of sports technology, especially in the field of competitive sports. The principles and methods of sports biomechanics are the main means to analyze and diagnose the technical characteristics of athletes, and also the main methods to improve sports performance, explore technical rules and improve sports skills. In the competitive wushu routine competition, martial arts difficult movement plays an important role in the Wushu routine competition, the level, type and quantity of martial arts difficult movement is an important factor reflecting the quality of the choreography of martial arts complete sets of movements, the training level of athletes and the guidance level of coaches. "324C+1D" movement is one of the highest points in martial arts difficult movements, is the key movement to show the level of athletes' competitive ability, and plays a key role in the victory of athletes in the competition. Using biomechanical test method to study the biomechanical characteristics of "324C+1D" movement is very important for guiding training.

The purpose of this research is three: (1) to test the difficult movement "324C+1D" completed by national wushu athletes and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of this movement; (2) Test the difficult movement "324C+1D" completed by the first-level martial arts athletes, and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the movement; (3) Compare the biomechanical characteristics of national and first-level martial arts athletes in completing difficult movements "324C+1D".

Six male athletes from Shaanxi Martial Arts team participated in this study, including 3 national martial arts athletes and 3 first-level martial arts athletes, aged 16-25 years old, able to skillfully complete the difficult movement "324C+1D". Wushu athletes involved in this study have won the national Wushu competition champion many times, and their sports level represents the highest level of Chinese wushu. It is of great application value to study the biomechanical characteristics of the difficult martial arts movement.

This study adopts the method of literature, testing and mathematical statistics to study the sports biomechanical characteristics of "324C+1D", a difficult movement of competitive martial arts routine. The "324C+1D" movements of national wushu athletes and first-class wushu athletes were tested by 3D high-speed photography, 3D force measurement and wireless surface electromyography. The kinematic data, force value and surface EMG data obtained from the test were selected, and the selected values were analyzed for data such as mean value, standard deviation and T-test. The biomechanical characteristics of the martial arts difficult movement "324C+1D" were divided into four stages, namely, run-up, take-off, flying and landing. This paper analyzes and summarizes the technical characteristics of national wushu athletes completing "324C+1D" movements and the technical characteristics of first-level wushu athletes completing "324C+1D" movements. The technical characteristics of "324C+1D" movements of national wushu athletes and first class wushu athletes are compared and analyzed. Combined with the theory of sports biomechanics, this paper discusses the factors of sports technique that affect athletes to complete "324C+1D" movement. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) The factors affecting the lifting distance of the "324C+1D" action are: Speed of run-up and take-off, center of gravity lifting Angle, ground reaction force during take-off push and extension, center of gravity height at the time of leaving the ground, Angle and speed of swinging arms and legs before lifting, etc., the lifting distance in the air is the basis and premise for athletes to complete difficult actions, and when reaching a certain range, it is not the key to the completion of "324C+1D" action.

(2) The factors that affect the rotation Angle of "324C+1D" movement are: the Angle and speed of swinging arms and legs before flying, the twisting Angle of shoulders and feet when leaving the ground and landing, the falling distance in the air, the speed of swinging legs in the air and the control of body posture, etc. Rotation Angle is the key for athletes to complete difficult movements.

(3) The factors affecting the landing connection of "324C+1D" action are: landing buffer distance, landing shoulder and foot torsion Angle, landing ground reaction force, etc.

(4) There is no significant difference between the sports biomechanical characteristics of National athletes and First-class athletes in completing "324C+1D" movements.

-