Study on the Relationship and Intervention of Residents' Sports Participation, Social Capital and Subjective Well-being

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among sports participation, social capital and subjective well-being. In order to achieve this goal, we take happiness theory, physical exercise behavior theory and social capital theory as the theoretical basis of research, and comprehensively use literature method, project-goal consistency index (IOC) test method, questionnaire survey method, mathematical statistics method and experiment method.

The study was conducted in three different phases. In the first stage, a comprehensive questionnaire on residents' sports participation, social capital and subjective well-being was prepared to provide an operable measurement tool for subsequent research. The second stage is to carry out a questionnaire survey. On this basis, a variety of mathematical statistical analysis methods such as independent sample t test, multivariate analysis of variance, correlation analysis and regression analysis are comprehensively used to analyze the relationship among residents' sports participation, subjective well-being and social capital, as well as the differences among different gender and age groups. The third stage is to use the experimental method, through an 8-week controlled experiment, to verify the effect of sports participation behavior on individual subjective well-being.

The results are as follows:

In the first stage, based on the relevant research results of domestic and foreign scholars, this study compiled a comprehensive questionnaire of residents' sports participation, social capital and subjective well-being. The questionnaire included basic information survey and 3 subscales of physical exercise motivation, social capital and subjective well-being, with a total of 68 questions. Nine experts were invited to evaluate the questionnaire. The evaluation results showed that the IOC evaluation score of each item design was greater than or equal to 0.78(≥0.78), and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of each dimension index of the pre-survey questionnaire was between 0.817-0.921, all of which were more than 0.7, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire design results and providing a reliable research tool for subsequent research.

In the second stage, through descriptive statistics and difference analysis, it is found that there is still a lot of room for improvement in residents' sports participation. The average physical exercise of residents is 24.3015, which belongs to the medium level (19< physical exercise ≤42). There are also significant differences between different genders and different age groups, with males being higher than females and 46-60 years old being better than other age groups. Secondly, there are significant differences in the social capital of residents of different genders and different age groups. Males are higher than females, and the 25-45 age group has the highest social capital score. Moreover, the average subjective well-being of residents at this stage is 79.144, which is at the medium level. There is no significant difference in subjective well-being among different gender groups, but there are significant differences among different age groups, among which the score of 46-60 years old is the highest, and the score of over 60 years old is the lowest. Finally, through correlation analysis, regression analysis, mediation effect analysis and structural equation analysis, it is concluded that sports participation has a positive impact on individual subjective well-being, which can not only positively predict their subjective well-being, but also indirectly affect their subjective well-being through social capital. Social capital plays an intermediary role between sports participation and residents' happiness.

In the third stage, we verified the effect of sports participation behavior on individual subjective well-being through experimental intervention. Before the experiment, there was no difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of sports participation, social capital, and subjective well-being. After the intervention of moderate intensity physical exercise for 40 minutes twice a week for 8 weeks, there were no significant differences in social capital and subjective well-being between the experimental group and the control group except contentment, goal experience, mental balance and family atmosphere (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in other dimensions (P

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