Biomechanical Characteristics Analysis of Upper Limb Muscle Groups of Athletes during Push Up Exercise

Abstract

One of the main purposes of biomechanics in the study of motion technology is to reveal the principle of motion technology. There are many differences between different athletes in completing different technical movements. The biomechanical causes and principles of these differences can be studied from the perspective of biomechanics and biology, and a reasonable movement pattern mechanism can be extracted through the technical diagnosis and analysis of excellent athletes, and advanced movement technology principles can be established to guide sports training and physical education. Most of the technical movements of competitive gymnastics need double support to complete, push-ups is a typical double-support technical movement, and has long been used as a means to evaluate the local muscle endurance of the upper body. Using biomechanical test method to study the biomechanical characteristics of push-ups with different postures and different loads is of great significance for guiding teaching and training.

Twelve volunteers from Xi 'an Physical Education University participated in this study, including 4 high-level athletes, 4 intermediate level athletes and 4 ordinary athletes. They are between the ages of 21-26 and have been involved in sports training for 1-11 years. Through the participation of volunteers, the biomechanical characteristics of Chinese gymnasts in different positions and different loads of push-ups were studied.

High-speed photography, 3D force measurement and wireless surface electromyography were used to test the gymnasts of three sports levels to complete 4 postures and 5 kinds of load push-ups. The kinematic data, force value and surface EMG data obtained from the test were selected, and the data analysis of the selected values were carried out, such as mean value, standard deviation and T-test. This paper summarizes the time characteristics, speed characteristics, Angle to Angle, mechanical characteristics and surface myoelectric characteristics of the three levels of athletes to complete the push-up movement, such as kinematics, dynamics and myoelectric characteristics, and makes a comparative analysis of each other. Combined with the theory of sports biomechanics and education and training theory, the factors affecting the completion of the push-up technical movement and teaching and training methods are discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) The complete time of push-ups in the same posture is different among athletes at different sports levels, and there is a significant difference between each other, and the complete time of high-level athletes is less than that of medium-level and ordinary athletes.

(2) Athletes of the same athletic level take different time to complete push-ups with different loads, and there are significant or very significant differences between each other, and the time of advanced athletes is less than that of intermediate and ordinary athletes.

(3) The complete time for athletes at the same level to complete push-ups with different loads has a rule of U, that is, the time for completing push-ups with feet 25 cm and 30 cm above the ground is slightly less than that for feet on the ground, while the time for completing push-ups with feet 40 cm and 50 cm above the ground is longer than that for feet 25 cm and 30 cm above the ground. Push-ups with feet 50 cm above the ground took the most time.

(4) When the same level athletes complete push-ups with different loads, the ground vertical reaction force in the upward pushing stage is greater than that in the downward bending arm stage.

(5) When athletes of the same level complete push-ups with different loads, the speed of the left shoulder joint and the right shoulder joint is inconsistent in the downward flexion stage and the upward push stage, and there is a certain difference.

(6) When athletes at different levels complete push-ups in different positions or different loads, there are differences in the Angle of the elbow joint at the lowest point of the bending arm of the downward flexion, and the Angle of the elbow joint of high-level athletes is smaller than that of intermediate level and ordinary athletes.

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