Lusheng Musical Instrument in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to: 1) Investigate the development of Lusheng musical instruments. 2) Analyze the musical characteristics of Lusheng instruments. 3) Explore the role and function of Lusheng musical instruments in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China. The data collection and research were conducted through field investigations involving six key informants, which included three lusheng musicians, one lusheng performer, one villager, and one lusheng maker. The research tools included observation sheets and interview questionnaires. The research findings are as follows:

1. The traditional Lusheng of the Miao nationality in southeast Guizhou has evolved into a multi-pipe instrument over time. In 1950, Mr. Dongtangan initiated reforms on the traditional six-pipe Lusheng, expanding it to include 8, 11, 12, and 14 pipes, eventually leading to the creation of the 18-pipe, 21-tone Lusheng. Subsequent developments by performers and producers have led to the introduction of even larger Lushengs, including 29 pipes, although the 16-pipe and 19-pipe versions remain the most commonly used, capable of satisfying the majority of Lusheng music needs.

2. The musical characteristics of both the traditional six-pipe and multi-pipe lusheng of the Miao nationality in southeast Guizhou differ. The traditional six-pipe lusheng is typically played alongside several lushengs with varying pitches, commonly employed in significant festival and funeral rituals. On the other hand, the multi-pipe Lusheng boasts a broader range and increased volume due to its multiple pipes, making it suitable for solo performances and modern music compositions.

3. The role and function of Lusheng musical instruments are multifaceted and culturally significant. In funeral rituals, the Lusheng provides solemn tones that guide mourners and facilitate expressions of grief and reverence. Conversely, during celebrations and festivals, its vibrant melodies and rhythmic cadences infuse events with energy, joy, and community spirit. Economically, the Lusheng sustains livelihoods for musicians, instrument makers, and event organizers, contributing to local economies through performances and tourism. Moreover, educationally, the Lusheng plays a crucial role in preserving traditional knowledge and skills and fostering cultural continuity and identity through music education programs and workshops.

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