Tuhu: Chinese Folk Musical Instrument in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Abstract

Tuhu is a traditional bowed string instrument played by the Zhuang ethnic group in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous of China. The objectives of this research were to: 1) Investigate the playing techniques of Tuhu in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous of China. 2) Explore the transmission process of Tuhu in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous of China. 3) Propose guidelines for the preservation of Tuhu in school curricula in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous of China. Qualitative research methods with interview and observation forms are adopted as research tools. Collect data on-site through interviews with five informants in the field and classify and analyze the collected data. The results indicate that:

1. The playing techniques of the traditional bowed Tuhu, a Zhuang people's bowed string instrument, in Guangxi, China. It focuses on elementary knowledge, right-hand bowing, and left-hand fingering techniques. The instrument is primarily used in Zhuang Opera and folk ensembles, typically tuning in perfect fifths. Understanding Tuhu's traditional methods is crucial for proper transmission for future generations.

2. The transmission process of Tuhu discusses foundational skills like tuning, open string exercises, string-changing techniques, finger pressing techniques, advanced techniques like legato, fast bowing, and tremolo, and representative practices like portamento, Ti-gong, and Cuo-gong bowing. It also explores the improvisational practice of Jia-hua, which incorporates decorative notes to reflect Zhuang speech tonal patterns.

3. The preservation and integration into school curricula need more professional attention and more educational resources. Strategies include government support, developing teaching materials, building a trained workforce, and incorporating Tuhu into school curricula. Cultural practices and online education platforms can enhance student interest and ensure Tuhu's survival and cultural relevance.

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