Peony Culture:Guidelines for Cultural Tourism Promotion Luoyang City China

Abstract

The topic of this research is Peony Culture: Cultural Tourism Development Guidelines in Luoyang, China. This is a qualitative cultural research study. The researcher collected data from relevant research papers. Field data were gathered through basic surveys, observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. The information obtained from field data collection was then prepared and verified using a three-dimensional audit method. Data were analyzed using concepts, theories, documents, and relevant research. The analysis was classified according to the purpose of the research using a descriptive analysis method. In this study, the researcher defined the scope of content under the subject of Peony Culture: Cultural Tourism Development Guidelines in Luoyang, China. The scope of the research consisted of: 1) studying the history of peony culture in Luoyang, and 2) studying the development of cultural tourism in Luoyang, China. The samples used in this research included 40 stakeholders in tourism in the research area. The researcher selected a specific sample (Purposive Selection) who played roles in developing, managing, and promoting cultural tourism attractions. This included 10 key informants from government and community sectors to inquire about the history of tourism in Luoyang, consisting of 5 representatives from government sectors and 5 from community sectors.

The research indicated that peonies served as decorative plants during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they thrived and found their way into the imperial gardens. By the mid-Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an witnessed the vibrant blooming of peonies, with their hues becoming more varied. During the Northern Song Dynasty, unique varieties like the Two-headed Peony, Thick-petaled Peony, and Thousand-leaf Peony emerged. Luoyang became famous globally for its peony cultivation, and the entire country's supply of peony seeds came from there, leading to the development of new unusual species. The array of flowers in Luoyang garnered worldwide admiration, reflecting a blend of both dynamic and static cultural influence. This culture evolved through the cultivation, contemplation, and appreciation of peonies, with roots stretching back 7,000 years to the Neolithic period in China when pottery depicted simple and abstract peony forms. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the term 'peony' was inscribed on Chinese brush pots, marking an early representation of peony culture in art. The Northern Qi Dynasty painting by Yang Zihua symbolized the entry of peonies into the cultural and artistic sphere, becoming a favored motif for artists during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. From the Sui and Tang Dynasties forwards, peonies have been extensively cultivated, featuring rich and diverse significance across different aspects of life. Their influence is evident in archaeological discoveries, architecture, wall paintings, tapestries, daily items, literature, music, and culinary customs. Peonies are emblematic of affluence and prosperity, endurance and resilience, as well as unity and security within national and ethnic contexts.

This study introduces a novel approach to developing Luoyang peony cultural tourism, addressing current conditions and obstacles in its growth. Firstly, leverage the local geographical advantage of Luoyang City to jointly enhance the peony cultural tourism offerings in the region by engaging local governments, administrators, practitioners, tourists, and other stakeholders, thereby drafting a comprehensive plan for expanding Luoyang's peony cultural tourism to other areas. By maximizing the region's geographical and cultural tourism assets in collaboration with local authorities, service providers, and visitors, we aim to establish a prominent peony cultural brand and foster regional tourism cooperation. Secondly, bolster the recognition of tourism operators associated with peony culture. Leveraging these strategies will not only showcase the unique charm of Luoyang's peony culture but also enhance economic opportunities within the community. By implementing sustainable practices and innovative marketing strategies, Luoyang can solidify its status as a top destination for peony cultural tourism and build long-lasting relationships with both domestic and international audiences. Encouraging local entrepreneurship and cross-departmental collaborations will also promote a robust tourism infrastructure, ensuring a beneficial future for the region's culture and economy alike.

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