Developing a Participatory Digital Platform Model for the Preservation of Puju Opera in Shan Xi, China

Abstract

Puju Opera, a significant cultural heritage in Shan Xi, China, faces challenges in preservation due to declining audience engagement and generational disconnect. Traditional conservation efforts struggle to attract younger audiences, necessitating innovative digital solutions. A participatory digital platform can bridge this gap by fostering interaction and community-driven preservation. This study aimed to: (1) study the essential components of participatory digital platforms for preserving Shan Xi's Puju Opera in China, (2) develop a participatory digital platform model for the preservation of Puju Opera in Shan Xi, China, (3) evaluate the quality of a participatory digital platform model for the preservation of Puju Opera in Shan Xi, China, and (4) evaluate the perception of audiences towards Puju Opera on a participatory digital platform. The research employed a mixed-methods approach and involved two groups of participants.

The first group consisted of 512 WeChat users who provided insights into the essential components of participatory digital platforms for Puju Opera preservation, with data collected through both online and on-site methods. The second group comprised 413 participants who evaluated their perceptions of Puju Opera through the application on the participatory digital platform, with data collected exclusively online. Both groups participated voluntarily. The data collection instruments included (1) a survey questionnaire, (2) in-depth interviews, (3) a model suitability assessment, (4) an application quality assessment, and (5) an audience perception evaluation. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis.

The study explored the key components necessary for developing a participatory digital platform for preserving Puju Opera in Shanxi, China. Audience opinions from three generations-Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z-highlighted the importance of historical documentation, multimedia integration, social media connectivity, and gamification. While Gen X prioritized cultural accuracy and structured content, Gen Y emphasized interactive and multimedia elements, and Gen Z favored social engagement and dynamic experiences. Expert interviews reinforced these findings, stressing the need for AI-powered search tools, user-generated content, and institutional collaborations for long-term sustainability. The research resulted in the development of the Participatory Digital Platform Model for the Preservation of Puju Opera (PDPM-Puju), which comprises five key elements: a core digital infrastructure, user engagement strategies, sustainability through institutional partnerships, technological integration for security and authenticity, and performance tracking for scalability. The model was implemented as a WeChat mini-program featuring educational resources, video archives, and interactive features. Experts evaluated the model positively, particularly its capacity to sustain engagement through community-driven content and digital learning tools. A quality assessment of the platform, conducted by experts, highlighted its strengths in cultural preservation, user engagement, platform usability, and overall digital experience. While cultural authenticity and multimedia content were highly rated, areas for improvement included interactivity and accessibility. The platform successfully combined traditional knowledge with modern technology, making Puju Opera more accessible to a diverse audience. Audience perception data gathered from WeChat users confirmed strong support for the platform, with each generation valuing different aspects. Gen X preferred historical education, Gen Y appreciated interactive elements, and Gen Z engaged most with social media integration.

The findings revealed that the Participatory Digital Platform Model for the Preservation of Puju Opera (PDPM-Puju) effectively reduced generational gaps, enhanced audience engagement, and contributed to the long-term preservation of Puju Opera. The model demonstrated its ability to support sustainable cultural conservation by utilizing an adaptive and community-driven approach, ensuring continued relevance and participation across different age groups.

-